Yorkie Russell: Fun And Love In A Small Package

“Yorkie Jack Russell Mix”

The Yorkie Russell, also known as the Jorkie, is a sought-after breed among dog lovers. This adorable mix between a Yorkie and a Jack Russell Terrier comes in various colors, including black, white, black and tan, and brown.

They have a long straight or wiry, silky coat that requires regular grooming. Some might think that Jorkies are hypoallergenic, but they are not. They weigh between 5 to 16 pounds and stand at a height of about 7 to 14 inches.

With a lifespan of 12 to 15 years, Jorkies are known for their lively and playful personalities, making them ideal for families with children. If you’re looking for a new furry friend, consider adopting a Jorkie for endless fun and affection!

Yorkie Russell Generations

Yorkie Russells are a designer dog breed created by crossing a Jack Russell Terrier with a Yorkshire Terrier. These small breed dogs are known for their intelligence, energy, and affectionate nature.

They have become increasingly popular due to their size, unique looks, and charming personalities. This article will explore the different Yorkie Russell generations, specifically focusing on the F1, F1B, and F2 generations.

F1 Generation

The F1 generation of Yorkie Russells consists of puppies that are a direct result of breeding a purebred Jack Russell Terrier with a purebred Yorkshire Terrier. This first generation of Yorkie Russell puppies showcases the best of both breeds, combining the energy and intelligence of the Jack Russell Terrier with the petite size and feisty personality of the Yorkshire Terrier.

Since the F1 generation is a 50/50 mix of both parent breeds, the puppies’ appearance can vary significantly. Some may resemble the Jack Russell Terrier more, while others may lean towards the Yorkie side. However, F1 Yorkie Russell puppies are generally small in size, with a height ranging from 8 to 12 inches and a weight between 6 and 12 pounds.

F1B Generation

The F1B generation of Yorkie Russells is created by breeding an F1 Yorkie Russell with a purebred Jack Russell Terrier or a purebred Yorkshire Terrier. This backcrossing helps to reinforce specific desired traits from one of the parent breeds.

For instance, if an F1 Yorkie Russell is bred with a purebred Yorkshire Terrier, the resulting F1B puppies will have a stronger Yorkie influence, both in terms of appearance and temperament. On the other hand, if the F1 Yorkie Russell is bred with a purebred Jack Russell Terrier, the F1B puppies will exhibit more traits from the Jack Russell side.

F1B Yorkie Russell puppies may be slightly more consistent in appearance compared to the F1 generation. However, their size and weight will still typically fall within the same range as the F1 generation.

F2 Generation

The F2 generation of Yorkie Russells is produced by breeding two F1 Yorkie Russells together. This second-generation Yorkie Russell mix can have a more varied appearance than the F1B generation, as both parents contribute a mix of Jack Russell Terrier and Yorkshire Terrier genes.

F2 Yorkie Russell puppies may inherit more of the physical and personality traits of their grandparents, leading to a diverse range of appearances and temperaments. While some F2 Yorkie Russells may be more energetic and independent like the Jack Russell Terrier, others may be more laid-back and affectionate like the Yorkshire Terrier.

Regardless of the generation, Yorkie Russell puppies make excellent companions for those seeking a small breed dog with a big personality. Their unique combination of traits from the Jack Russell Terrier and the Yorkshire Terrier results in a lively, intelligent, and affectionate designer dog that can adapt well to various living situations.

Yorkie Russell History

The Yorkie Russell, also known as the Jorkie, is a relatively new breed of small dogs that has gained popularity in the United States and other parts of the world. This designer breed is a result of crossing the Jack Russell Terrier with the Yorkshire Terrier, two purebred breeds with distinct characteristics and history.

Origins of the Parent Breeds

Before delving into the history of the Yorkie Russell, it’s essential to understand the origins of its parent breeds: the Jack Russell Terrier and the Yorkshire Terrier.

Jack Russell Terrier

The Jack Russell Terrier originated in England in the 19th century and was bred primarily for fox hunting. The breed was named after Reverend John Russell, a passionate hunter who wanted to create a small, agile, and fearless dog that could keep up with the horses and flush out foxes from their dens.

The breed gained popularity in the United States in the 20th century and was officially recognized by the American Kennel Club (AKC) in 2000.

Yorkshire Terrier

The Yorkshire Terrier, also known as the Yorkie, is one of the most popular dog breeds in the United States. The breed was developed in the 19th century in Yorkshire, England, from various terrier breeds, including the Clydesdale Terrier, Skye Terrier, and Paisley Terrier.

The Yorkie was initially bred to catch rats and mice in textile mills, but its small size, elegant appearance, and affectionate nature quickly made it a favorite among the British upper class. The breed was introduced to the United States in the late 19th century and was recognized by the AKC in 1885.

The Emergence of the Yorkie Russell

The Yorkie Russell, or Jorkie, was created in the United States in the late 20th or early 21st century. As a designer dog breed, it was intentionally bred to combine the best traits of the Jack Russell Terrier and the Yorkshire Terrier.

The goal was to create a small, intelligent, and energetic companion dog with a unique appearance that would appeal to dog lovers looking for something different from the typical purebred breeds.

As a relatively new breed, the Jorkie is not yet recognized by the American Kennel Club or other major canine organizations. However, its popularity has grown significantly over the years, thanks to its adaptability to various living situations, making it an excellent choice for both city and country dwellers.

Yorkie Russell Appearance

The Yorkie Russell is a unique and charming breed among small dog breeds, showcasing its own unique characteristics that result from the combination of the Jack Russell Terrier and the Yorkshire Terrier.

These little dogs typically weigh between 5 and 16 pounds, with a height ranging from 7 to 14 inches. Their appearance can vary significantly, even within the same litter, as they inherit traits from both parent breeds.

Coat

Yorkie Russells are known for their luxurious coats, which can vary in texture, length, and color. The coat can be long or medium length, straight or wiry, and silky or slightly coarse. The most common coat colors include black, white, black and tan, and brown. Some Yorkie Russells may also have white patches, which they inherit from their Jack Russell Terrier parent.

It is important to note that the Jorkie is not a hypoallergenic breed, as they do shed some hair, although the amount of shedding can vary depending on their coat type.

Body, Head, Tail, Ears, Eyes, and Muzzle

The body of a Yorkie Russell is typically compact and well-proportioned, with a strong build that reflects its terrier heritage. The breed has a round head, which may be slightly domed or flat on top, depending on the influence of the parent breeds.

Their muzzle is usually medium in length, with a well-defined stop and a black nose.

The eyes of a Yorkie Russell are one of its most endearing features. They typically have dark brown eyes that are medium-sized and dark, giving them an alert and expressive look.

The ears of a Yorkie Jack Russell mix can be either erect or floppy, depending on the traits inherited from the parent breeds. Erect ears are generally triangular in shape, while floppy ears fold forward and hang down close to the cheeks.

The breed’s tail is often described as a bushy tail, which may be carried high or low, depending on the individual dog. The tail can be straight or slightly curved and is usually covered in long hair, giving it a plumed appearance.

Unique Characteristics

Each Yorkie Jack Russell mix has its own unique characteristics, depending on the traits inherited from its Jack Russel Terrier and Yorkshire Terrier parents. Some may have a more muscular build, reflecting the Jack Russell Terrier’s athleticism, while others may have a more refined appearance, similar to the elegant Yorkshire Terrier.

The variety in the Yorkie Russell’s appearance makes them a particularly attractive option for dog lovers who are seeking a small dog breed with a unique look and a blend of the best traits from two well-loved breeds.

Their lively and affectionate nature, combined with their distinctive appearance, ensures that the Yorkie Russell continues to grow in popularity as a cherished companion dog.

Yorkie Russell Lifespan

If you’re considering adopting a Yorkie Russell, it’s important to know what to expect in terms of their lifespan. The good news is that this adorable breed tends to live for quite a while. With proper care and attention, Yorkie Russells can live anywhere from 12 to 15 years. That’s a long lifespan for a dog, especially one so small and full of energy.

So if you’re looking for a loyal companion to spend many years with, a Jack Russell Terrier Yorkie mix might be just what you’re looking for. Just be prepared to provide lots of love, exercise, and good nutrition to make those years as happy and healthy as possible.

Yorkie Russell Ideal Environment

Yorkie Russells are adaptable, energetic, and affectionate, making them great family pets. However, to ensure a happy and well-adjusted Yorkie Russell, it’s essential to provide them with the ideal living environment that caters to their specific needs.

Adaptability

The Yorkie Russell is an adaptable breed that can thrive in various living situations, from apartments to homes with yards. They can adjust well to different environments as long as they receive the love, attention, and exercise they need.

Interaction with Young Children and Small Animals

While Yorkie Russells can get along well with young children, it is crucial to teach both the dog and the children how to interact safely and respectfully.

These small dogs may be prone to “small dog syndrome,” where they can become overly protective or assertive if they feel threatened or overwhelmed. Early socialization and proper training can help to curb these behaviors and teach your Yorkie Russell puppy to be more comfortable around children.

Due to their terrier background, Jorkies may have a strong prey drive, leading them to chase small animals such as squirrels, birds, or even smaller pets in the household.

To manage this instinct, introduce your Yorkie Russell to other pets and small animals at a young age and establish boundaries through consistent training.

Training and Socialization

Early socialization is crucial for a well-rounded and well-behaved Jorkie. Expose your puppy to a variety of people, animals, and environments from a young age to help them develop confidence and adaptability.

Regular obedience training, either at home or through group classes, will not only strengthen your bond with your Yorkie Russell but also help to prevent any undesirable or destructive behaviors.

Safe and Comfortable Living Space

Yorkie Russells are adaptable and can thrive in a variety of living situations, including apartments or houses with yards. Regardless of the size of your living space, ensure that your Jorkie has a designated area where they can rest and feel secure.

Providing a comfortable bed, toys, and a safe space to retreat to will help your Jorkie feel like an integral part of the family.

Interaction with Older Children and Family Members

Yorkie Russells tend to form strong bonds with their family members and enjoy spending time with them. They are generally good with older children who understand how to interact with dogs appropriately.

Encourage older children to engage in positive, supervised play with your Yorkie Jack Russell mix and involve them in the dog’s daily care routines to foster a strong bond between them.

Yorkie Russell Temperament

The Yorkie Russell is a small designer breed that has captured the hearts of many dog enthusiasts due to its unique appearance and charming personality.

A mix between the Jack Russell Terrier and the Yorkshire Terrier, the Yorkie Russell inherits some of the best traits from both parent breeds, making it an affectionate, energetic, and intelligent dog.

Intelligence

Yorkie Russells are intelligent dogs, thanks to their Jack Russell Terrier and Yorkshire Terrier lineage. Both parent breeds are considered among the smartest dogs, and this trait is passed on to the Yorkie Jack Russell mix. They are quick learners and can grasp new commands and tricks with relative ease.

This intelligence also means they require mental stimulation to keep them engaged and happy. Puzzle toys and interactive games can help challenge their minds and prevent boredom-related behavioral issues.

Energy

As an energetic dog, the Yorkie Russell enjoys regular physical activity to burn off their energy and stay fit. Daily walks, playtime, and interactive games are essential to keep them happy and healthy.

Despite their small size, these dogs can be quite agile and even excel in dog sports like agility or flyball. Providing ample opportunities for exercise will help to keep your Yorkie Jack Russell mix content and well-adjusted.

Affection

Yorkie Russells are affectionate dogs that form strong bonds with their family members. They love to cuddle and spend time with their human companions, often following them around the house. Their affectionate nature makes them excellent lap dogs and companions for people of all ages.

However, it’s essential to provide proper socialization and training from a young age to ensure that they are comfortable around small children and other animals.

Prey Drive

Due to their terrier heritage, Yorkie Russells may have a strong prey drive, leading them to chase after small animals like squirrels, birds, or even smaller pets in the household. This instinct is manageable through early socialization, exposure to other animals, and consistent training.

Teaching your Yorkie Jack Russell mix reliable recall and basic commands like “leave it” can help manage this instinct and ensure they are well-behaved around small animals.

The Yorkie Russell is the perfect dog for those who want a small, intelligent, and affectionate companion that can adapt to their lifestyle.

Yorkie Russell Grooming

Proper grooming is essential for maintaining your Yorkie Russell’s overall health and well-being. Regular grooming will not only keep their coat looking its best but also help prevent potential health issues.

Brushing

Regular brushing is vital for keeping your Yorkie Russell’s coat tangle-free and maintaining healthy skin. Depending on the coat type, which can range from silky and straight to wiry and slightly coarse, brushing should be done at least two to three times a week.

For long-haired Yorkie Russells, daily brushing may be necessary to prevent mats and tangles. A slicker brush, pin brush, or bristle brush can be used, depending on your dog’s coat type.

Bathing

Bathing your Yorkie Russell should be done every four to six weeks or as needed, depending on their level of activity and coat condition. It recommended to use a dog shampoo that is gentle and designed for your dog’s specific skin condition and coat type.

It’s essential not to bathe your dog too frequently, as it can strip the natural oils from their skin, leading to dryness and irritation.

Ears

Regular ear cleaning is crucial for preventing ear infections and maintaining good ear health. Check your Yorkie Russell’s ears once a week for any signs of redness, irritation, or an unpleasant odor.

Use a cotton ball or soft cloth dampened with an ear-cleaning solution specifically formulated for dogs to gently clean the outer ear. Avoid using cotton swabs, as they can push debris further into the ear canal or damage the delicate inner ear structures.

Nails

Keeping your Yorkie Russell’s nails trimmed is essential for their overall comfort and well-being. Overgrown nails can cause discomfort, make walking difficult, and even lead to joint problems.

Trim your dog’s nails every three to four weeks or as needed, using a pair of dog nail clippers or a nail grinder. Be cautious not to cut the quick, the sensitive blood vessel within the nail, as it can cause pain and bleeding.

Teeth

Dental care is crucial for maintaining your Yorkie Russell’s overall health, as dental problems can lead to tooth decay, gum disease, and even systemic infections. Regular brushing with a dog-specific toothpaste and toothbrush will help remove plaque and tartar buildup.

Aim to brush your dog’s teeth at least two to three times a week, but daily brushing is ideal. In addition to brushing, providing dental chews or toys and scheduling regular dental check-ups with your veterinarian will help ensure your Yorkie Russell’s teeth stay healthy.

By incorporating these grooming tasks into your routine, you’ll help maintain your Yorkie Russell’s coat, skin, ears, nails, and teeth in optimal condition, contributing to their overall health and well-being.

Yorkie Russell Nutrition

Proper nutrition is essential for keeping your Jack Russell Yorkie mix healthy and thriving. Providing a balanced diet will ensure that your Jorkie receives all the necessary nutrients to maintain their overall well-being.

Calories

The caloric needs of your Jorkie will depend on factors such as age, weight, activity level, and overall health. As a general rule, smaller and less active dogs require fewer calories, while larger and more active dogs need more to maintain their energy levels.

Consult your veterinarian to determine the appropriate caloric intake for your specific dog.

Protein

Protein is a crucial component of a Jorkie’s diet, as it provides the building blocks for healthy muscles, skin, and coat. Look for high-quality, animal-based protein sources in your dog’s food, such as chicken, beef, fish, or lamb.

The protein content should make up at least 20-25% of your dog’s diet, depending on their age and activity level.

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates provide energy for your Jorkie and are an essential part of a balanced diet. However, it’s crucial to choose high-quality, easily digestible carbohydrates, such as whole grains, sweet potatoes, or brown rice.

Avoid dog foods that use cheap fillers, such as corn or wheat, as these can lead to digestive issues and provide little nutritional value.

Fats

Fats are a vital source of energy and help maintain healthy skin and a shiny coat. Look for dog foods that contain healthy fats, such as omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, which can be found in ingredients like fish oil, flaxseed, and chicken fat.

The fat content in your Jorkie’s diet should make up around 10-15% of their total caloric intake.

How Much to Feed Your Yorkie Russell

The amount of food to feed your Jorkie will depend on factors such as age, weight, activity level, and overall health. As a general guideline, you can start by following the feeding recommendations provided on the dog food packaging, adjusting as needed based on your dog’s individual needs.

A high-quality dry kibble formulated for small breeds is an excellent choice for your Jorkie. Divide the daily food portion into two or three smaller meals to help maintain stable blood sugar levels and prevent overeating.

Always monitor your dog’s weight and body condition, adjusting the amount of food as needed to maintain a healthy weight. Consult your veterinarian if you have concerns about your dog’s weight or overall nutritional needs.

By providing your Jorkie with a balanced and nutritious diet, you can help ensure their overall health, happiness, and longevity. Regular veterinary check-ups and monitoring your dog’s body condition will also play a crucial role in maintaining their well-being.

Yorkie Russell Training

Training your Yorkie Russell is an essential part of raising a well-behaved and happy dog. With their intelligent and energetic nature, these small dogs can quickly learn new commands and behaviors.

Obedience Training

Obedience training is crucial for teaching your Yorkie Russell basic commands and manners. Start by teaching your dog simple commands like “sit,” “stay,” “come,” and “leave it.” Consistency, patience, and positive reinforcement are key when training your dog.

Reward your Yorkie Russell with praise, treats, or toys whenever they successfully perform a command to encourage them to repeat the behavior.

Enrolling your Yorkie Russell in a basic obedience class can be an excellent way to learn proper training techniques and ensure that your dog becomes well-mannered and responsive.

Socialization

Socialization is a vital aspect of Yorkie Russell training, as it helps your dog become comfortable with different people, animals, and environments.

Begin socializing your Yorkie Russell from a young age by exposing them to various situations, including meeting new people, encountering other dogs, and experiencing different environments like busy streets, parks, or car rides.

Positive and gradual exposure to these experiences will help your dog become more confident and adaptable. Remember to reward your Yorkie Russell for calm and friendly behavior during socialization to reinforce positive interactions.

Housebreaking

Housebreaking your Yorkie Russell is an essential part of their training. Establish a consistent schedule for taking your dog outside to eliminate, such as first thing in the morning, after meals, and before bedtime.

Praise and reward your dog when they go to the bathroom in the designated area to reinforce the behavior.

Supervise your Yorkie Russell closely when they are indoors, and if you notice any signs that they need to go to the bathroom, such as sniffing, circling, or whining, take them outside immediately.

If accidents happen, clean the area thoroughly to remove any lingering odors that could encourage your dog to eliminate in the same spot again.

Addressing Common Behavioral Issues

Yorkie Russells, like any dog breed, may develop behavioral issues if not properly trained and socialized. Common problems include excessive barking, digging, and chewing. Address these issues by identifying the root cause and providing appropriate outlets for your dog’s energy and instincts.

For example, if your Yorkie Russell is barking excessively, determine the cause of the barking and address it, whether it’s boredom, fear, or territorial behavior. Providing more mental and physical stimulation, such as exercise and puzzle toys, can help reduce unwanted behaviors.

Yorkie Russell Exercise

Providing adequate exercise is essential for maintaining your Jorkie’s overall health, happiness, and well-being. Regular physical activity helps prevent obesity, reduces boredom-related behavioral issues, and strengthens the bond between you and your dog.

Daily Exercise Needs

Yorkie Russells are energetic dogs that require daily exercise to stay fit and healthy. While they may not need as much exercise as larger breeds, they still benefit from regular physical activity. Aim to provide your Jorkie with at least 30 to 45 minutes of exercise per day, broken up into multiple sessions to prevent overexertion.

Types of Activities

There are various activities that you can engage in with your Jorkie to keep them physically active and mentally stimulated. Some examples include:

Walks

Daily walks are an excellent way to provide your Jorkie with exercise and mental stimulation. Aim for two or three shorter walks per day, varying the route and pace to keep things interesting for your dog.

Playtime

Engaging in interactive play with your Jorkie is a great way to bond with them while providing physical exercise. Some fun games to play with your dog include fetch, tug-of-war, or hide-and-seek.

Dog Sports

Due to their agility and intelligence, Jorkies can excel in dog sports such as agility, flyball, or obedience competitions. Participating in dog sports can provide both mental and physical stimulation for your dog while strengthening your bond with them.

Off-Leash Exercise

If your Jorkie has reliable recall and is well-socialized, you can consider providing them with off-leash exercise in a securely fenced area or dog park. This allows them to burn off excess energy and socialize with other dogs.

Mental Stimulation

In addition to physical exercise, it’s essential to provide your Jorkie with mental stimulation to keep their mind sharp and prevent boredom-related behavioral issues. Some ways to provide mental stimulation include:

Puzzle Toys

Puzzle toys and treat-dispensing toys can challenge your dog’s problem-solving skills and keep them mentally engaged.

Obedience Training

Regular obedience training sessions not only reinforce good manners but also provide your Yorkie Russell with mental stimulation and a sense of accomplishment.

Interactive Games

Playing interactive games, such as hide and seek or scent tracking, can engage your Yorkie Russell’s natural instincts and provide mental stimulation.

Yorkie Russell Health Issues

As with any dog breed, Yorkie Russells can be prone to certain health concerns. While these dogs are generally healthy, being aware of potential health issues can help you take preventative measures and seek early veterinary intervention if necessary.

Patellar Luxation

Patellar luxation is a common orthopedic issue in small dog breeds, including Yorkie Russells. When the kneecap (patella) moves from its normal position, it can cause discomfort and potentially lead to arthritis or other joint issues. This is known as patellar dislocation.

Signs of patellar luxation include limping, skipping, or holding the affected leg up while walking. Treatment options range from conservative management with pain medications and joint supplements to surgery, depending on the severity of the condition.

Liver Shunt

A liver shunt, also known as a portosystemic shunt, is a congenital abnormality in which blood bypasses the liver, preventing the proper filtration of toxins and nutrients. This can lead to a buildup of toxins in the bloodstream, causing various symptoms, including stunted growth, seizures, and behavioral changes.

Liver shunts can be diagnosed through blood tests and imaging studies, and treatment options include medication and dietary management or surgical correction.

Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA)

Progressive retinal atrophy is an inherited eye condition that affects the retina, leading to a gradual decline in vision and eventual blindness. PRA is more common in certain breeds, including both the Jack Russell Terrier and the Yorkshire Terrier, making Yorkie Russells more susceptible to this condition.

There is currently no cure for PRA, but early diagnosis through regular eye examinations can help you manage your dog’s condition and provide appropriate environmental adjustments to ensure their safety and comfort.

Subaortic Stenosis

Subaortic stenosis is a congenital heart defect that results in a narrowing of the aorta, the main artery that carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the rest of the body. This narrowing restricts blood flow and forces the heart to work harder, potentially leading to heart failure.

Symptoms of subaortic stenosis include exercise intolerance, coughing, and fainting. Treatment options depend on the severity of the condition and may include medication to manage symptoms or surgical intervention in more severe cases.

Canine Cushing’s Disease

Canine Cushing’s disease, also known as hyperadrenocorticism, is a hormonal disorder caused by excessive cortisol production in the body. This can be due to a tumor in the adrenal or pituitary gland.

Symptoms of Cushing’s disease include increased thirst and urination, increased appetite, panting, and a pot-bellied appearance. Diagnosis involves blood tests and imaging studies, while treatment options include medication to manage cortisol levels or surgery to remove the tumor.

By being aware of these potential health concerns and providing your Yorkie Russell with regular veterinary check-ups, a balanced diet, and appropriate exercise, you can help ensure their overall health and well-being. Early detection and intervention are key to managing any health issues that may arise.

Final Thoughts

Owning a Yorkie Russell can be a great experience for dog owners who are looking for a compact and loving companion. They are full of personality and make great apartment dogs as long as they are given enough exercise and mental stimulation.

As with any breed, there are some health considerations to take into account, but with proper care and attention, they can live happy and healthy lives.

If you’re considering adding a Yorkie Russell to your family, do your research and make sure this breed is a good fit for your lifestyle. With the right care and attention, they can be wonderful companions.

Summary

• Yorkie Russell: A designer dog, small breed, mix between Jack Russell Terrier and Yorkshire Terrier
• Generations: F1, F1B, and F2 generations with unique characteristics
• History: Relatively new breed, originated in the United States, not recognized by American Kennel Club
• Appearance: Weight 5-16 lbs, height 7-14 inches, long and silky or wiry coat, various colors, not hypoallergenic
• Ideal living environment: Early socialization, suitable for families with older children, need proper training and supervision around small animals
• Temperament: Intelligent, energetic, affectionate, good family member, requires socialization and proper training
• Grooming: Regular brushing, bathing, ear cleaning, nail trimming, and dental care
• Nutrition: Balanced diet with appropriate calories, protein, carbohydrates, and fats; high-quality dry kibble for small breeds recommended
• Training: Obedience training, socialization, housebreaking, addressing common behavioral issues, using consistency and positive reinforcement
• Exercise: At least 30-45 minutes daily, various activities (walks, playtime, dog sports), mental stimulation through puzzle toys, obedience training, and interactive games
• Health concerns: Patellar luxation, liver shunt, progressive retinal atrophy, subaortic stenosis, canine Cushing’s disease; regular veterinary check-ups and preventative care recommended

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